根癌农杆菌对栝楼的遗传转化

用根癌农杆菌侵染栝楼（Ｔichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.)无菌苗后,获得冠瘿组织;栝楼冠瘿组织经除菌后能在无激素的ＭＳ培养基上良好生长,并合成冠瘿碱、表明Ｔi质粒转化成功,栝楼冠瘿组织中最高蛋白含量为１３０．６mg/g（鲜重）。经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ检测其含有的蛋白种类与栝楼根含有的基本一样,研究表明,利用栝楼冠瘿组织作为培养系统生产天花粉粉蛋白有很好的开发前景。     

蜜环菌诱导子对丹参冠瘿组织积累丹参酮的影响

Using a computer software `uniform design, regression analysis and optimization system' (UROS), the effects of Armillaria mellea Karst elicitor, with respect to its concentration, time of supplement and harvest time, on the accumulation of tanshinones in the crown gall cultures of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in 67-V liquid medium were studied. The result showed that the maximum tanshinone yield was 147 mg/L (P＜0.05）, 62 mg/L (P＜0.05）, 94 mg/L (P＜0.05） in the liquid medium and the cultures 29 day after addition of A. mellea (119 mL/L) at day 0, in the medium 26 day after the addition of 113 mL/L of A. mellea, 28 day after addition of 87 mL/L of A. mellea, respectively. The results confirmed that the computer software UROS was a good tool in the multi-factor study.     

长白山红松阔叶林林冠木竞争生长及林冠空隙动态研究

以长白山红松阔叶林林冠木的年龄资料为基础,分析林木冠重叠与年轮径向生长的关系;通过林冠空隙边缘人隙边缘株的干扰释压分析,揭示林冠空隙集中形成的动态规律。红松林相邻林木间理论树冠重叠率与年轮径向生长呈显著负相关,不同树种间存在不同的竞争和协同关系;红松林中除个别小空隙是经过一个集中形成期形成外,大部分空隙是经过２－３个集中形成期形成的,１９００－１９２０和１９１０－１９３０是大部分空隙的集中形成期。     

坡面单木圆锥形树冠投影边界的模型理论

遮荫作为树冠对辐射截留的集中表现,与林下环境,特别是光环境特征具有密切关系.为满足坡地人工林下作物、中药栽培环境模拟、预测和控制的理论需要,以圆锥形树冠为研究对象,借助几何光学中光的直线传播原理,根据水平投影与坡面投影的亲似对应关系,在坡平面直角坐标系内讨论树冠的坡面投影形状、确定投影关键点坐标,在测树因子、经纬度、坡度、坡向、时间（包括时刻和日期）等变化要素基础上建立坡面投影理论边界模型Z（x′,y′）=0.经模拟验证,各时刻实测与计算阴影边界曲线相关系数大于等于0.928、显著水平（P）均达到0.01,表明该模型可较精确地描述正圆锥的坡面投影.在此基础上,进行模型的实用检验和分析,选择北半球中纬度单株樟子松,计算得到5月12日8：00～14：00树木遮荫影响最远到达东0.69倍树高、西1.18倍树高、南0.2倍树高、北0.4倍树高,绝大多数阴影位于近似扇环的区域内,计算结果符合北半球太阳视运动规律且实际观测结果与计算值之间相关系数为0.983（P=0.008）,证明该模型适用于树冠的遮荫分析,并可能在邻体遮光干扰的进一步研究中发挥作用.最后讨论该模型的优点及局限性,明确模型在实际研究中合理运用的条件.     

Glycosylation of 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol with α-D-glucopyranosyl chloride under phase transfer conditions

5-Phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol is glycosylated easily and in high yields with 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl chloride in the presence of catalytic amounts of aliphatic and aromatic crown ethers under phase transfer (solid-organic solvent) conditions. The reaction rate and the ratio of the resulting N-and S-regioisomers depend on the catalyst nature.     

樟子松人工林一级枝条基径和枝长模型的研究

以东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场樟子松人工林为研究对象,采用枝解析的方法,于2002年、2003年测定了53株林木（年龄17~38 a,直径8.61~21.5 cm,树高7.48~18.24 m）的树冠变量,建立了基于总着枝深度（DINC）和树冠内一级枝条基径（BD）、枝长（BL）的预估模型。对于大小相同树木的一级枝条, 这些树冠变量随着DINC的增加而增大,而林木的胸径（DBH）、树高（HT）变量又很好地反映了不同大小树木的基径和枝长的变化。采用独立检验样本对构建的树冠内一级枝条基径和枝长模型进行了拟合统计量和精度检验,结果表明：模型预测效果良好,精度均达到95%以上。构建的一级枝条基径和枝长模型为进一步合理地描述樟子松人工林树冠的形状及其变化以及三维可视化经营提供依据。     

油松种子园球果产量近期预测方法的研究

用可见半面树冠法和信息段法,对陇县八渡油松种子园球果近期产量进行了预测,建立了预测模型,并验证其预测结果精度高,可靠性强。其中信息段法更适合油松种子园球果产量近期预测预报。     

A Synthesis of Heteroaromatic <Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis>- and <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-β-Glycosides of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-Acetylglucosamine under Phase-Transfer Conditions

The use of crown ethers for a phase transfer-catalyzed synthesis of heteroaromatic glycosides of N-acetylglucosamine was studied. The solid-liquid system and catalysis by 15-crown-5 were found to provide for both the 100% conversion of α-D-glucosaminyl chloride peracetate and a high reaction rate. The interaction of α-D-glucosaminyl chloride peracetate and oxadiazole and triazole mercapto derivatives capable of thiol-thione tautomerism carried out at room temperature in acetonitrile in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate and crown ethers was shown to lead to both S- and N-glucosides. The structures of the compounds synthesized were confirmed by X-ray analysis and ¹³C and ¹H NMR spectroscopy.     

Carbohydrate concentrations in crown fractions from winter oat during hardening at sub-zero temperatures

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Contradictory results in correlation studies of plant carbohydrates with freezing tolerance may be because whole crown tissue is analysed for carbohydrates while differences exist in the survival of specific tissue within the crown. The aim of this study was to see if carbohydrate changes in tissue within oat crowns during second phase hardening (sub-zero hardening) are tissue specific. METHODS: The lower portion of oat (Avena sativa) crowns was exposed to mild grinding in a blender and the remaining crown meristem complex, consisting of tough root-like vessels, was ground in a device developed specifically for grinding cereal crown tissue. Carbohydrates were extracted by water and measured by HPLC. Carbohydrate concentrations were compared in the two regions of the crown before and after hardening at sub-zero temperatures. KEY RESULTS: Fructan of all size classes except DP>6 decreased during sub-zero hardening in both stems (base of leaf sheath) and crown meristem complex. Total simple sugar increase, including sucrose, was significantly higher in the crown meristem complex than in the stem. CONCLUSIONS: Results support the hypothesis that carbohydrate change in mildly frozen plants is tissue specific within crowns and underscore the need to evaluate specific tissue within the crown when correlating the biochemistry of plants with freezing tolerance.     

Branch architecture,light interception and crown development in saplings of a plagiotropically branching tropical tree,Polyalthia jenkinsii (Annonaceae)

To investigate crown development patterns, branch architecture, branch-level light interception, and leaf and branch dynamics were studied in saplings of a plagiotropically branching tree species, Polyalthia jenkinsii Hk. f. & Thoms. (Annonaceae) in a Malaysian rain forest. Lengths of branches and parts of the branches lacking leaves ('bare' branches) were smaller in upper branches than in lower branches within crowns, whereas lengths of 'leafy' parts and the number of leaves per branch were larger in intermediate than in upper and lower branches. Maximum diffuse light absorption (DLA) of individual leaves was not related to sapling height or branch position within crowns, whereas minimum DLA was lower in tall saplings. Accordingly, branch-level light interception was higher in intermediate than in upper and lower branches. The leaf production rate was higher and leaf loss rate was smaller in upper than in intermediate and lower branches. Moreover, the branch production rate of new first-order branches was larger in the upper crowns. Thus, leaf and branch dynamics do not correspond to branch-level light interception in the different canopy zones. As a result of architectural constraints, branches at different vertical positions experience predictable light microenvironments in plagiotropic species. Accordingly, this pattern of carbon allocation among branches might be particularly important for growth and crown development in plagiotropic species.